Carbon (C): Improves the strength and hardness of steel, but too much will reduce the plasticity and toughness of steel.
Silicon (Si): As a deoxidizer, it improves the strength and hardness of steel.
Manganese (Mn): Improves the strength and toughness of steel, and also helps desulfurization and deoxidation.
Phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S): Generally regarded as harmful elements, but in certain specific cases, they may also have a positive effect on the properties of steel (such as free-cutting steel). However, in most cases, high-strength steel will try to reduce the content of these two elements.
Alloy elements (such as chromium Cr, nickel Ni, molybdenum Mo, vanadium V, niobium Nb, titanium Ti, etc.): These elements significantly improve the strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other properties of steel through mechanisms such as solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening and fine grain strengthening.
